Leadership Process Essay Example for Free

Administration Process Essay First Section Administration is a procedure by which one individual impacts the musings, perspectives, and practices of others. Pioneers set a bearing for all of us; they help us see what lies ahead; they help us imagine what we may accomplish; they energize us and rouse us. Level 5 initiative alludes to the most significant level in a chain of importance of official capacities that we distinguished during our exploration. Pioneers at the other four levels in the chain of importance can deliver high degrees of achievement yet insufficient to hoist organizations from average quality to continued greatness. And keeping in mind that Level 5 initiative isn't the main prerequisite for changing a decent organization into an incredible oneâ€other variables incorporate getting the perfect individuals on the transport (and an inappropriate people off the transport) and making a culture of disciplineâ€our research demonstrates it to be fundamental. Great to-extraordinary changes don’t occur without Level 5 pioneers in charge. They just don’t. (Traylor, 2001) The Level 5 pioneer sits on a chain of importance of capacities and is, as indicated by our exploration, a fundamental prerequisite for changing an association from great to incredible. However, what lies underneath? Four different layers, every one proper in its own privilege yet none with the intensity of Level 5. People don't have to continue consecutively through each degree of the chain of command to arrive at the top, yet to be an undeniable Level 5 requires the abilities of all the lower levels, in addition to the extraordinary attributes of Level 5. (HBR, 2001) It varies from other initiative styles as the pioneers originate from the grass foundation of the association. Which means, the pioneer has developed and created from the beginning of the association and has step by step heightened towards the top generally level. This permits a representative to experience all stages and support to the top degree of the association for example Chief level. A couple of years back in Strategy Leadership, Michael Raynor exposed the premises on which the investor first model rests, and a couple of months prior Michael Porter scrutinized the present conviction that looking past the business is terrible for business. In the January/February Harvard Business Review he contends that organizations ought to think about different partners, thus produces financial incentive by making cultural worth. These regarded scholars offer another response to the inquiry concerning the reason for a business: the firm should consider itself to be a related piece of a network that comprises of numerous partners whose interests are vital to business achievement. In this view, an undertaking can be viewed as an arrangement of long haul helpful connections between influenced parties. (Collins, 2001) These incorporate the firm’s chiefs and workers, clients and customers, speculators, providers, the towns, states and countries where the firm is found or sells merchandise and enterprises and even people in the future of partners. In such a framework, partner impact creates pressure for the association to carry on in moral and naturally and socially dependable ways, and thus, this interdependency enables the firm to be maintainable and flexible. This elective way to deal with administration is differently alluded to as ‘‘sustainable,’’ ‘‘Rhineland’’ or ‘‘honeybee’’ initiative. By supportable we don’t simply mean a firm is being green and socially dependable. Exploration and perceptions in more than 50 firms far and wide, remembering for some recorded organizations, propose that manageable initiative requires taking a drawn out viewpoint in deciding; encouraging foundational advancement planned for expanding client esteem; building up a gifted, faithful and exceptionally connected with workforce; and offering quality items, administrations and arrangements. (Caroselli, 2003) Second Section In 2005, Lee Scott, ex-CEO and President of Wal-Mart Stores and now Chairman of its Executive Committee, declared that the organization would basically embrace reasonable administration standards going ahead, despite the fact that he didn't utilize that term. Money related execution was strong, yet the organization was the objective of numerous complainants †workers, neighborhood networks, providers, and tree huggers. Scott declared that Wal-Mart, one of biggest Fortune 500 organizations, would turn out to be progressively moral, and all the more socially and naturally mindful. The organization would utilize its political may to profit standard Americans in human services and vitality reserve funds, and make people’s lives better. Scott even supported paying more for items from moral providers †an exceptional inversion by an undertaking worked around an ease procedure. In the years since, Wal-Mart has tried different things with ecologically cordial stores and other socially-dependable measures. Strikingly, its primary concern has not endured during this procedure, posting net deals increments for as far back as five years, as indicated by Wal-Mart’s 2009 yearly report. As of late, in a transition to improve the constitution of its items, the firm declared designs to lessen the fat and salt in its home image staple goods and cut costs on new produce. (Shaw, 2005) An extensive assemblage of proof shows that manageable practices are bound to upgrade business execution than the investor first methodology. In the first place, different essayists have analyzed and looked at the Anglo/US framework with its Rhineland partner, inferring that Rhineland standards are more supportable and lead to preferred results over the investor first methodology. Second, Avery and Bergsteiner have assembled broad proof for every one of the individual practices in their pyramid model, indicating how they are bound to add to positive business results than their partners under the investor first model. For instance, a significant contrast between investor first and reasonable practices lies in whether they hold individuals or lay them off when times get troublesome. Staff maintenance is viewed as an establishment component in the pyramid since conditions planned for keeping staff can be started whenever. Be that as it may, holding staff underpins different higher request results in the pyramid; it permits information to be held, and bolsters quality, trust, and advancement, for instance, and improves money related execution, just as staff and consumer loyalty. Comparable cases can be made for the other 22 components. (Cooke, 2008) What senior official would dismiss these as genuine objectives for an undertaking looking to both flourish and persevere? To certain critics, practical authority †an administration approach planned for conveying better and progressively manageable returns, lessening undesirable worker turnover and quickening advancement †sounds unrealistic. They excuse it as simply one more type of humanistic administration, just great administration rehearses, or as following good old qualities. There is a trace of validity in every one of these portrayals. Surely, maintainable administration grasps parts of humanistic administration in that it incorporates esteeming individuals and considering the firm as a supporter of social prosperity. The individual acts of manageable authority are not new: B Warren Bennis pushed enrolling, preparing, and utilizing a successful top initiative group as opposed to simply depending on the chivalrous CEO. He additionally suggested that organizations become monetarily straightforward as a stage to getting increasingly moral. B Peter Drucker needed directors to advance change and permit developments to originate from everywhere throughout the association, in this way empowering common individuals to cause unprecedented things to occur. B Stephen Covey asked utilizing the information and commitment of a firm’s representatives. What's going on is simply the understanding that these practices structure a self-strengthening initiative framework that upgrades the exhibition of a business and its possibilities for endurance. What is likewise critical is that reasonable initiative practices are oppositely contradicted to the run of the mill investor first methodology, which business colleges, the board diaries, the media, and numerous experts keep on advancing. (Branson, 2010) Manageable initiative practically speaking Sustainably-drove associations have been distinguished across various segments, nations, institutional settings, and markets. Instances of fruitful endeavors that reliably grasp practical administration standards flourish, especially among secretly held firms and SMEs. Unlisted organizations showing essentially the entirety of the 23 qualities of an economical venture include: in the USA, WL Gore Associates (Goretexw and different items) and SAS (programming); in Germany, Giesecke Devrient (certified receipts and protections) and Kaâ ¨rcher (cleaning arrangements); and in Switzerland, Endress Hauser (stream innovations) and Migros (retail combination). In any case, it is probably going to be increasingly hard for recorded partnerships or private value gatherings to work on supportable standards as a result of the weights on them to accomplish transient execution objectives. However various recorded endeavors figure out how to work economically, if essential by confronting or dealing with their associations with the monetary markets. Notable models incorporate Germany’s Munich Re from the account business; Colgate (buyer merchandise) situated in the USA; Britain’s BT Group (broadcast communications); the Thai development organization, Siam Cement Group, and its rival from Switzerland, Holcim. (Streshly Gray, 2010) Third Section There are numerous deterrents in changing to manageable initiative. Initially, staying with tried and true way of thinking is agreeable and simple †it’s nothing new. Second, change is troublesome and at first makes both monetary and impalpable expenses, in spite of the fact that as the Wal-Mart case shows these may not slow development and benefits. Third, a great many people ignore hard proof and settle on their choices based on ideological convictions. Director

Strategic Alternatives In Healthcare Organisations & Its Importance

Question: Portray about the Strategic Alternatives in Healthcare Organizations? Answer: Article 1: In the primary article the key arranging in the human services associations and its significance are examined. In the article it is introduced that the vital arranging is one of the helpful and substantial devices that can control every single sort of associations. It is apparent that the key arranging can likewise be helpful in the medicinal services area. It is expressed in the article that the procedure of key arranging is pertinent relying on the separation of the administration that is given, the multifaceted nature and the size of the unit (Rodrguez Perera Peir, 2012). Different divisions in the medicinal services part like the electrophysiology, hemodynamic or the cardiology unit can work better if various methodologies are actualized and the systems must line up with the plans at the more elevated levels. Here it tends to be said that the article can be valuable for the usage of different systems in the medicinal services unit. Here the procedure of key arranging is additionally examined alongside the viability of the elective technique arranging in the human services division (Rodrguez Perera Peir, 2012). The article can help in picking up the understanding to viability of the vital arranging in the medicinal services part. In the article the disadvantages and a portion of the normal mistakes in key arranging are additionally referenced. Article 2: In the second article the endurance techniques for Michigans human services security net suppliers are given. The principle goal of the article is to comprehend the versatile procedures of the underinsured or the uninsured populace considered by the wellbeing net association in Michigan. In the article an examination has been led so as to gauge the assessed request in the business and the limit of the associations to satisfy with the need. It is found in the article that the necessities and request are growing quicker than the limit of the association and that can prompt dangers to the soundness of the individuals. In this manner different unequivocal business procedures are received so as to endure (Jacobson, Dalton, Berson-Grand Weisman, 2005). The article edifies on the way that elective procedures and alternate courses of action are significant so as to decrease the danger of perilous circumstance. It is realized that in the human services area, the dissimilarity in the interest and flexibly can make significant issue for the patients. Subsequently versatile systems are vital in such circumstance for offering better assistance in the business. It is additionally essential to keep up the monetary practicality of the human services unit and so as to back the assets, gathering pledges exercises can be directed and community oriented techniques can likewise be powerful (Jacobson, Dalton, Berson-Grand Weisman, 2005). Article 3: In the third article, the practices and methodologies in off-name showcasing in the pharmaceutical business is talked about. Here the informant grievances are broke down in a review nature. It is realized that the off-name advertising of the pharmaceutical items is exceptionally regular in the United States, in spite of the administrative limitations. Yet, there is poor characterisation of the extent of the off-name advertising and in this way elective system must be actualized so as to build the proficiency and viability of the activities (Kesselheim, Mello Studdert, 2011). A portion of the whistle blowing grumblings and the misrepresentation cases are referenced as far as the off-name promoting. Subsequently it is clear that such practices must not be utilized and elective procedures can help in such circumstance. It is obvious that off-name promoting plans can successfully help in accomplishing the vital objectives yet it can abuse with the administrative and moral similarities. In this way elective methodologies must be actualized for accomplishing generally speaking advantages of the association. In this manner the data in the article can help in attempted successful methodologies in the current social insurance association (Kesselheim, Mello Studdert, 2011). Article 4: In the fourth article, an elective wellbeing result worldview is introduced regarding the objective situated patient consideration framework. In the article, the points and destinations of the CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) are introduced. The principle point of the organization is to bring down the expenses, offer types of assistance for the better soundness of the individuals and giving better consideration to the people. Accordingly the methodology that is applied by the association shows restraint focused. In the article it is cleared that the patients are the most significant factor in the medicinal services division and the nature of the administration that they get ought to be the fundamental focal point of the organizations. The necessities esteems and inclinations of the patients ought to be tended to first and that can help in accomplishing the general objective of the association (Reuben Tinetti, 2012). This article can likewise be extremely helpful as it illuminates on the significance of nature of social insurance framework. It is likewise help in assessing the vital plans and the dynamic that ought to show restraint focused (Reuben Tinetti, 2012). The standard can improve the nature of administration in the medicinal services unit and successful results can be gotten in the social insurance unit if such techniques are actualized. Article 5: In the fifth article the vital investigation of the social insurance administration quality is talked about. Here the fluffy AHP philosophy is utilized in quality examination of the social insurance administration. It is realized that the administrators in the administration segment must exhibit that they give client centered administrations. They likewise need to execute techniques that can prompt nonstop improvement in the presentation of the association. The associations must quantify and comprehend the desires for the customers and they have to offer the assistance in like manner. In the article an endeavor has been led for estimating the nature of the administration by utilizing the SERVQUAL (Service Quality) strategy. Here the fluffy AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) is additionally utilized for assessing the system of administration quality (Bykzkan, ifi Gleryz, 2011). The article can be exceptionally useful for the advancement of the dynamic model and it can likewise help in vital execution in the human services segment. The article accentuates on specific elements like the unwavering quality, polished methodology, and compassion as they can improve the nature of the administration. These can change the impression of the patients in regards to the nature of the administration and they can increase a superior help (Bykzkan, ifi Gleryz, 2011). References Bykzkan, G., ifi, G., Gleryz, S. (2011). Vital investigation of medicinal services administration quality utilizing fluffy AHP methodology.Expert Systems With Applications,38(8), 9407-9424. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.01.103 Jacobson, P., Dalton, V., Berson-Grand, J., Weisman, C. (2005). Endurance Strategies for Michigan's Health Care Safety Net Providers.Health Services Research,40(3), 923-940. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00392.x Kesselheim, A., Mello, M., Studdert, D. (2011). Procedures and Practices in Off-Label Marketing of Pharmaceuticals: A Retrospective Analysis of Whistleblower Complaints.Plos Med,8(4), e1000431. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000431 Reuben, D., Tinetti, M. (2012). Objective Oriented Patient Care An Alternative Health Outcomes Paradigm.New England Journal Of Medicine,366(9), 777-779. doi:10.1056/nejmp1113631 Rodrguez Perera, F., Peir, M. (2012). Key Planning in Healthcare Organizations.Revista Espaola De Cardiologa (English Edition),65(8), 749-754. doi:10.1016/j.rec.2012.04.004

Essay on Death Penalty

Essay on Death Penalty Death Penalty Mar 26, 2018 in Law Introduction Justice/legal systems form part of a crucial and critical aspect of the society charged with the responsibility of arriving at honorable verdicts by providing appropriate, sound and in-depth evidence to support the verdicts. The society entrusts the judiciary with the legal process. This shows the community beliefs in fair, rightful and precise judgment when dealing with controversial cases. Religious principles support rightful judgement and penalties that correspond to the severity of the committed crimes. This, considered payback/justice means that wrongdoers should be appropriately punished according to the harm caused by their criminal activities. The death penalty, however, remains a debatable legal issue in the world. The topic raises mixed feelings even in those countries where the death penalty has been accepted. The death penalty, especially, raises controversies and pain when verdicts made are based on wrong, inappropriate and half baked evidences which leads to unjustifie d loss of life. Human life is sacred, as such the morals, values and other human rights of criminals should not be violated through wrongful convictions. The society is, therefore, indebted when the wrongful decisions that lead to loss of human life are made. However, it is important to note that, from time immemorial, the different forms of punishments adopted in the society are governed by social, cultural and religious factors.

Gene Therapy Essay - 772 Words

Scientists believe in Gene Therapy Can Treat Cancers? Sarah Dziatko For many years treatment for cancer has been radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, but through clinical trials immunotherapy has been tested on various patients that the previously listed treatments did not work for. Immunotherapy is a type of therapy in which the immune system is altered and strengthen to become more rigorous and able to attack cancerous cells. This new discovery is extremely important because it is like a fifth pillar in cancer treatments providing some type of result for doubtful patients. Crispr is a new tool developed to edit genomes. This tool is significantly more precise, efficient, and flexible than technology previously used. Because of this†¦show more content†¦There are several types of ACT, but as of August of 2017 the only therapy that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is T-cell therapy1. Before this therapy was approved T-cell therapy was only available through small clinical trial for people with advanced blood cancers. These trials had remarkable responses for adults and children whose other treatments failed. This got the attention of many researches who worked to get this therapy approved. Now children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and adults with advanced lymphomas have the option of gene therapy to stop the growth and spread of their cancerous cells1. Gene therapy is an amazing advance in science and medicine, but it does have its drawbacks. Since a gene cannot be directly inserted into a cell a vector is used as a carrier for this gene. Usually a virus is used as a vector because it can more easily recognize certain cells. The most common issues are unwanted immune system reactions, vectors targeting the wrong cells, infection caused by the virus, and the possibility of creating a tumor if the genes get inserted in the wrong spot in your DNA3. Although these are major issues that could occur there are possible complications with even the simplest procedure. All gene therapy is overseen by the Food and Drug Association (FDA) and the National Institutes to ensure that these therapies areShow MoreRelated Gene Therapy Essay4691 Words   |  19 PagesGene Therapy Gene therapy is a powerful new technology that has the ability to change the way medicine is practiced in the future. The potential of gene therapy offers great hope for cure and alleviation of suffering from genetic disorders that now plague numerous people. Within this past decade, much research has been conducted to learn about the aspects of gene therapy, but there is still much to learn before it is an effective medical treatment. Despite failures to prove any clinical efficacyRead MoreEssay on A Look at Gene Therapy1264 Words   |  6 PagesWould you consider altering your DNA if it could save your life? Scientist have been working on gene therapy since the 1970s, this biotechnological form of medicine is the attempt to medically modify cells to help eliminate or prevent diseases by correcting defective genes. Imagine the possibilities of having your DNA tested for heritable diseases and being able to eliminate such diseases from your future. From 1990-2003 the Department of Energy coordinated a project called the Human Genome ProjectRead More Gene Therapy for Cancer Essay4395 Words   |  18 Pagesto treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped by these therapies may be treated by gene therapy. Gene therapy is the insertion of a functional gene into the cells of a patient to correct an inborn error of metabolism, to alter or repair an acquired genetic abnormality, and to provide a new function to a cell. Two basic types of gene therapy have been applied to humans, germinal and somatic (1). Germinal gene therapy, which introduces transgenic cells into the germ line as well as intoRead MoreEssay on Human Gene Therapy1921 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Gene Therapy Imagine this, you have just married your college sweetheart this past summer. You have now been happily married for over a year and you find out that the two of you are going to be parents. So as the typical soon to be mom and dad so commonly do, the two of you start going to the doctor for checkups to make sure the pregnancy is running smoothly. Early in the pregnancy you hear the worst, your baby has a fatal disease. The two of you are terribly heart broken over the situationRead MoreX-SCID Gene Therapy Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe first X-SCID gene therapy trial used a moloney murine viral vector with the ï  §c transgene in two patients with X-SCID. One patient had a missense mutation in IL2RG which resulted in a receptor in the cellular membrane but without a cytoplasmic tail and therefore not functional. The other patient had a frameshift IL2RG mutation which deleted exon 6 and resulted in a truncated receptor that was not expressed on the membrane. Their CD34+ T cells were removed and transfected for three days, at whichRead MoreEssay about Priotities of Gene Therapy2802 Words   |  12 PagesPriotities of Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a relatively new area of medicine that attempts to apply recent advances in molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology to the treatment of human diseases. Gene therapy uses a set of approaches to the treatment of human disease based on the transfer of genetic material (DNA) into an individual. Gene delivery can be achieved either by direct administration of gene-containing viruses or DNA to blood or tissues, or indirectly through the introductionRead MoreEssay on Gene Therapy and Its Effect on Cancer3614 Words   |  15 PagesGene Therapy and Its Effect on Cancer The era of scientific advancement in the twentieth century has encouraged several scientific fields to merge into a new, futuristic science called Biotechnology. One idea behind Biotechnical science is taking advantage of molecular biology. At the forefront of this advancement is gene therapy which attempts to treat disease at its origin on the molecular level(Kreeger,1996). Essentially, this therapy deliberately introduces genes into the human cellsRead MoreEssay about The Ethical Controversy of Gene Therapy 1590 Words   |  7 Pages Gene therapy is a technique that uses genes to treat or prevent diseases. It is the process of taking DNA from one organism and inserting it to another. No development in the field of biotechnology has inspired both greater fear and hope in human society than gene therapy. Here is the big question among the people. While this new advancement in gene therapy promotes new hopes to cure life-threatening diseases or help the amputee or physically dis abled persons to lead life like a normal humanRead MoreTreating Genetic Disorders with Gene Therapy Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesGene Therapy With our current society rapidly advancing in both the technological and medicinal world, many new treatments have been born that can be used to treat genetic conditions that regular antibiotics and surgeries simply have no positive or progressive effect. Gene therapy is when a newly developed gene is transferred, or introduced, to an already existing gene, it is the attempt to treat one’s genetic disorder at the molecular level and could significantly improve the human populationRead More Gene Therapy : Ethics, Progress, and Future Essay3339 Words   |  14 PagesThe Factor of Gene Therapy: the Ethics, Progress, and Future Abstract Erasing genetic diseases from the human race has been a vital role in science. However, there is a point where the moral standards have interrupted the advancement of curing genetic diseases. One of the many sciences that have the ability to completely wipe out the future of any genetic diseases, gene therapy, is being stifled due to the infliction of morals. There is a fine line in what is inhumane and moral to the standards

Deception A Young Child You Were Taught Right From Wrong

As a young child you were taught right from wrong. You were taught why you should not lie and why and how it could hurt someone. You saw how one lie could turn into many lies and how it is hard to keep covering for the first lie you told. Somehow the truth always surfaced whether by you admitting to the guilt or a teacher or a parent finding out the truth through evidence. As you became older you noticed that the term lie was now being used with the terms morality and ethics. Those terms basically mean right and wrong, sound familiar? The criminal justice system is supposed to be based on those two principles along with other things. Somewhere in the system those principles fall through the cracks for selfish reasons or selfish gain. The lives of individuals have become less worthy and the lying game has become everyday play. Deception is a word derived from the root word deceives, which means to intentionally cause another person to have a false belief. Deception is the act of deceiving someone or to cause to believe what is false ().To lie is an intentionally false statement to a person or group made by another person or group who knows it is not the truth. Galatians 6:7-8 talks about deception. 1 John 2:21 speaks about lying (Gospelway.com). Although deceiving did not start with our criminal justice system it all started in the Bible when the snake encouraged Eve to eat from the forbidden garden and in which she then convinced Adam to do the same. God specifically toldShow MoreRelatedIs it wrong to lie995 Words   |  4 Pages Is it always morally wrong to lie? Yes, I strongly agree, others might disagree; moreover, this can depend on one’s own morals. A young mother or a young father might tell a story to their children about Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, or the Tooth Fairy. Mothers and Fathers tell and read these stories to their children all of the time just like their mothers and fathers and their mothers and fathers. These are stories, told each year giving a child hopes and dreams. Is it a lie? I do not thinkRead MoreMotives and Thoughts1692 Words   |  7 PagesObservation of Global Deception: A Persuasive Essay on Lauryn Hill’s â€Å"Motives and Thoughts† Edward George Bulwer-Lytton once said, â€Å"When the world has got hold of a lie, it is astonishing how hard it is to kill it. You can beat it over the head, till it seems to have given up the ghost and behold! The next day it is as healthy as ever† (53). Lauryn Hill, an astounding singer, actress, musician and above all artist, who has produced many brilliant and masterful works of art in her career. From writing songsRead MoreHow Values And Values Have Affected My Life1475 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the beginning of time, ancient philosophers and educators have taught different life developmental skills to aid people as they grow. Those educators often taught students how to develop ethical and moral character. With teaching those characteristics as a foundation they were able to teach students to branch out and understand a deeper meaning of authenticity, virtue and value. All three of these concepts are required to live a meaningful and balanced life in both the physical , mental and spiritualRead MoreEvolving Huck in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 965 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a child is born it’s actions and morals are solely based on the environment it’s parents set for it. The child is unable to move, eat, learn and speak without the guidance of an individual. However as the child progresses in life it starts breaking away from the environment that is set for them and engage themselves in the environment of their choice. The child starts to develop it’s own morals and an identity for themselves overtime, similar to Huck Finn. In the novel The Adventures of HuckleberryRead More The Morality of Lying in Contrast to the Philosophies of Kant2296 Words   |  10 Pages The young girl gazes at you helplessly from within the tangled wreckage. You witnessed the crash – a massive truck careened into a minivan as it passed on the highway, killing the driver on impact, and virtually tearing the girl in half . Now she hangs from the car, held together by the seatbelt. Her nervous system critically damaged, she can’t feel much pain, but she knows that her situation is not optimal, to say the least. She is six years old – she probably doesn’t understand the concept of deathRead MoreThe Great Depression : An Age Of Female Enlightenment1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthe initial rush of support for women s rights with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, the feminist movement diminished towards the end of the 20s and all but disappeared during the Great Depression. The Great Depression was an economic collapse during the 1930s which resulted in a quarter of the nation’s families to have no financial income at all. Tillie Olsen was a proletarian writer of the Great Depression who created a powerful deception of the working class woman in America. OlsenRead MoreWorldview Analysis: Mormonism Essays2125 Words   |  9 Pagescarefully chosen as they represent the bulk of what we will discuss as we seek to unveil the true essence of the Mormon world as they see it. We will summarize this organization and in so doing we will discover that it was built on human fallacy and deception from its inception. We will then follow with a critical look the claims, doctrines, and documents that frame their beliefs. Summary Mormonism is one of the fastest and newest religions on the world scene today. It had its beginnings in 1820 inRead MoreThe Milgram Study On Obedience1731 Words   |  7 Pagesobedience in the history of psychology. The Milgram study was done by Stanley Milgram a Yale University psychologist, whose study was to focus on two things one being obedience to authority, and a persons personal conscience. The results of the study were remarkable, as according to (McLeod, 2007) 65 percent of two-thirds of the participants or teachers continued administering shocks to the highest voltage level of 450 volts. The rest of the teachers continued to at least 300 volts. Milgram did thisRead MoreInfidelity Of A Married Person Cheats On Their Spouse By Having Some Type Of Sexual Relations1869 Words   |  8 Pagesincluding Texas, the person who committed adultery could be given less of the property when it is Divided. However, it is not usually used for deciding their ability to take care of childr en; so even if someone cheated, their right to have custody and take care of their child is not taken away. Even though infidelity is only illegal in some states, if someone is involved with a person that is already married they could be sued. The reason why is it is such a big deal is because it puts so much strainRead MoreThemes Of Huckleberry Finn3483 Words   |  14 Pageswould be elemental as a common core basis within his stories. What was it specifically that he could see during his time? Samuel Clemons would have to endure the Civil War in its entirety, from the beginning until the end. Samuel Clemons would have to of bared witness to slavery, the removal of Native Americans from their homelands, and pushed onto reservations by the United States Government. Samuel Clemons was also alive to see the Mexican-American War (Caron, 2011). Much of Samuel Clemons life was

Effects of Fast Food on Health Free Essays

date: 2/8/12 EFFECTS OF FAST FOOD ON HEALTH Nowadays, American people are very busy with their works and families. They do not have enough time to cook for themselves. Moreover, with the development of the fast food industry and chains of fast food restaurants, fast food for meals is the best choice of busy people. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Fast Food on Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, everything has two faces. Eating too much fast food also has many bad effects on health including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. First of all, obesity is a serious disease mainly caused by eating fast food. Whichever kind of fast food we eat, from pizza to fried chicken, they contain the same ingredients. Fat and carbohydrates, which are one cause of overweighting, are present in most kinds of fast food. In addition, fast food contains fewer vitamin and other minerals which make people feel full. Containing fewer of these elements means that people tend to feel hungry frequently, and want to eat more. So, eating much fast food can also affect weight management. Last and also most importantly, fast food ingredients have a high amount of sugar which is the direct cause of obesity epidemic. Besides the ingredients of fast food, the larger sizes also increase the risk of obesity. In the documentary film Super Size Me (2004), Mr. Morgan Spurlock showed that when given larger portions sizes, average people still eat entirely regardless of whether they are full or not. Obviously, the more fast food we eat, the more unhealthy ingredients come to our body. Secondly, some heart diseases like heart attacks and high blood pressure are the result of eating a lot of fast food. Junk food such as donuts, fried food, etc. contains trans fats which are known to increase the level of bad cholesterol and decrease the level of good cholesterol, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. When the level of bad cholesterol in our blood is higher than the safe level, it creates the atherosclerotic plaques inside the arterial walls. Then, the arteries can be clogged, which places more stress on heart and raises blood pressure. In other words, it causes heart attacks and high blood pressure. Last but not least, type 2 diabetes is also another bad effect of eating too much fast food. Although fast food does not directly cause diabetes, it is the simple sugar and trans fat in fast food that can be the reason that leads to some symptoms such as high blood sugar, and insulin resistance. When we eat some kinds of fast food containing high level of sugar such as milkshakes, our bodies cannot use up all these sugars. The remaining will flow to our bloodstream. It also means that we have high blood sugar. Furthermore, fast food contains a lot of trans fats which block muscle to absorb glucose and protein. This blockage leads to insulin resistance. Furthermore, insulin is an important element helping the body to absorb sugar. Consequently, our body cannot absorb sugar, and it returns to our bloodstream. The result of that procedure is the high level of sugar in our blood, which is the cause of type 2 diabetes. In brief, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes are some serious diseases that are the result of eating too much fast food, a bad habit of many American. Fortunately, fast food producers these days care more about consumers’ health by reducing the amount of trans fats and sugar in food. They also try to make fast food become healthier by adding to fast food more kinds of fruit and vegetables. Anyway, the best way to keep us healthy is to reduce eating fast food that contains too many unhealthy ingredients. How to cite Effects of Fast Food on Health, Essay examples

Joseph Stalin Essays (3073 words) - Old Bolsheviks,

Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin was maybe the biggest mass murderers of the twentieth century. From the purges in the Red Army to forced relocations, Stalin had the blood of millions on his hands. This essay is not going to debate the fact that this was indeed a brutal and power hungry individual, because he was indeed just that. I will on the other hand show you that through his way of governing the Soviet Union, he actually saved mother Russia from the German invasion in World War Two through he cunning and ruthlessness. Joseph Stalin was a very industrious person and used every means possible to better prepare his country for the coming war that he believed was inevitable. Wether it was diplomatic plotting, economic maneuvering, or just plain brute force, Stalin used every tool in his vast arsenal. The following are some of the more important decisions and methods that Stalin employed. Stalin was forced to consolidate his power through harsh means to better rule the Soviet Union. He ordered the fiv e year plans to industrialize the nation and ordered one of the largest military build up plans ever. Stalin attempted many times to reach a diplomatic solution and ways to delay war with the Axis powers while at the same time trying to guarantee security from the West. Stalin wanted nothing less than to rule the Soviet Union and make her the greatest country in the world and he would stop at nothing to reach those goals. In his quest for leadership Stalin wished to consolidate his power in only himself, thus enabling him to better rule the Soviet Union. Stalin's roots in politics go all the way back to him being expelled from the theological seminary in Tiflis, Georgia in 1899. This was where Stalin got his first real taste for politics and from that point on his political ambitions grew greater and greater. Stalin soon joined up with the Social Democratic Party and after the party split over ideological differences in 1903, Stalin joined the Bolshevik party under Vladimir Lenin. F rom 1903 to 1912 Stalin was arrested, and managed to escape, several times. He was exiled to Siberia from 1913 to 1917, returning only after the fall of the Tsar. With the fall of the Tzar and the country in the hands of the revolutionaries Stalin believed it to be the perfect time to come back and renew his political ambitions. Stalin was appointed Commissar of Nationalities after the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917. After Lenin's death in 1924 the country was ruled by a triumvirate consisting of Stalin, G. E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev. From this point on Stalin simply concentrated more and more power into his own hands. In 1925 Stalin made a turn to the right, got rid of his two companions and established a coalition with moderate leaders Burkharin, Rykov, and Tomsky, which lasted until 1928, when collectivization of agriculture and the forced industrialization came about. Stalin now followed a simple pattern, he simply systematically replaced all those who were not his absolute followers. By 1930 his rule was absolute. Stalin was now free to go ahead and pursue his plans to industrialize and arm the Soviet Union. The only other obstacle in his path was the army leadership. Stalin viewed the army as a threat to his power and took steps to remove that threat. He organized all of his followers to delve into the lives of the military leadership and find out if they were traitors. Many of Stalin's followers used this as a way of getting back at old rivals and enemies. All kinds of false evidence was manufactured. Stalin took all of this at face value and a great number of the army leadership was either killed or exiled. There were also several show trials put on to demonstrate to the Soviet people that all of the killing was being done for a reason and that there really were conspirators and spies among them. Several accused openly confessed to active membership of a plot to murder the Soviet leadership. With the Army purges done, Stalin had not only control o ver the country but the military as well. With

College Students vs Stress essays

College Students vs Stress essays Though going to college has its advantages, as receiving a higher education, or getting a good job, yet behind these promising aspects, students undoubtedly face stress at a young age. Midterms, finals, papers, projects, etc. are among those that put students under pressure. However, one could deal with stress by connecting himself with the world outside instead of keeping it inside until he explodes emotionally and psychologically. Several methods of connecting is having a supportive relationship with his family, a circle of friends, extracurricular activities, and free time for his own relaxation. Teenagers tend to drift farther away from their families as they grow up, yet little do they know that the best source of comfort is from their parents and siblings. When a student undergoes stress, he usually turns to his family in needs of support. He needs them to show their love, their belief in his ability to complete his work. Parents and siblings give a stressed out student the homely environment that is necessary for his mind, in a way sharing his stress. Those home cooked meals from a students mother also help alleviate the pressure he endures. In addition to family encouragement, having friends around is also an escape for the stressed student. Peer support is usually more effective in relieving anxiety. Even though parents understand how strained their child is in college, the student finds it easier to share his worries with those his age. This is because his friends also undergo stress in a similar environment as he does. Thus, it is best to give oneself some times to go out and talk to his friends. Interaction with peers helps relieving the pressure and stress that the student is suffering from. Extracurricular activities also contribute to helping a student escape from his stress. Spending several hours during a weekend to volunteer for a nursing home or to clean his neig ...

College Students vs Stress essays

College Students vs Stress essays Though going to college has its advantages, as receiving a higher education, or getting a good job, yet behind these promising aspects, students undoubtedly face stress at a young age. Midterms, finals, papers, projects, etc. are among those that put students under pressure. However, one could deal with stress by connecting himself with the world outside instead of keeping it inside until he explodes emotionally and psychologically. Several methods of connecting is having a supportive relationship with his family, a circle of friends, extracurricular activities, and free time for his own relaxation. Teenagers tend to drift farther away from their families as they grow up, yet little do they know that the best source of comfort is from their parents and siblings. When a student undergoes stress, he usually turns to his family in needs of support. He needs them to show their love, their belief in his ability to complete his work. Parents and siblings give a stressed out student the homely environment that is necessary for his mind, in a way sharing his stress. Those home cooked meals from a students mother also help alleviate the pressure he endures. In addition to family encouragement, having friends around is also an escape for the stressed student. Peer support is usually more effective in relieving anxiety. Even though parents understand how strained their child is in college, the student finds it easier to share his worries with those his age. This is because his friends also undergo stress in a similar environment as he does. Thus, it is best to give oneself some times to go out and talk to his friends. Interaction with peers helps relieving the pressure and stress that the student is suffering from. Extracurricular activities also contribute to helping a student escape from his stress. Spending several hours during a weekend to volunteer for a nursing home or to clean his neig ...

College Students vs Stress essays

College Students vs Stress essays Though going to college has its advantages, as receiving a higher education, or getting a good job, yet behind these promising aspects, students undoubtedly face stress at a young age. Midterms, finals, papers, projects, etc. are among those that put students under pressure. However, one could deal with stress by connecting himself with the world outside instead of keeping it inside until he explodes emotionally and psychologically. Several methods of connecting is having a supportive relationship with his family, a circle of friends, extracurricular activities, and free time for his own relaxation. Teenagers tend to drift farther away from their families as they grow up, yet little do they know that the best source of comfort is from their parents and siblings. When a student undergoes stress, he usually turns to his family in needs of support. He needs them to show their love, their belief in his ability to complete his work. Parents and siblings give a stressed out student the homely environment that is necessary for his mind, in a way sharing his stress. Those home cooked meals from a students mother also help alleviate the pressure he endures. In addition to family encouragement, having friends around is also an escape for the stressed student. Peer support is usually more effective in relieving anxiety. Even though parents understand how strained their child is in college, the student finds it easier to share his worries with those his age. This is because his friends also undergo stress in a similar environment as he does. Thus, it is best to give oneself some times to go out and talk to his friends. Interaction with peers helps relieving the pressure and stress that the student is suffering from. Extracurricular activities also contribute to helping a student escape from his stress. Spending several hours during a weekend to volunteer for a nursing home or to clean his neig ...

Fujiwhara Effect - Two Hurricanes Interacting

Fujiwhara Effect - Two Hurricanes Interacting The Fujiwara Effect is an interesting phenomenon which can happen when two or more hurricanes form very near each other. In 1921, a Japanese meteorologist named Dr. Sakuhei Fujiwhara determined that two storms will sometimes move around a common center pivot point. The National Weather Service defines the Fujiwhara Effect as the tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate cyclonically about each other. Another slightly more technical definition of the Fujiwhara Effect from the National Weather Service is a binary interaction where tropical cyclones within a certain distance (300-750 nautical miles depending on the sizes of the cyclones) of each other begin to rotate about a common midpoint. The effect is also known as the Fujiwara Effect without an ‘h’ in the name. Fujiwhara’s studies indicate storms will rotate around a common center of mass. A similar effect is seen in the rotation of the Earth and moon. This barycenter is the center pivot point around which two rotating bodies in space will spin. The specific location of this center of gravity is determined by the relative intensity of the tropical storms. This interaction will sometimes lead to tropical storms dancing with each other around the dance floor of the ocean. Examples of the Fujiwhara Effect In 1955, two hurricanes formed very near each other. Hurricanes Connie and Diane at one point seemed to be one huge hurricane. The vortices were moving around each other in a counterclockwise motion. In September 1967, Tropical storms Ruth and Thelma began to interact with each other as they approached Typhoon Opal. At the time, satellite imagery was in its infancy as TIROS, the worlds first weather satellite, was only launched in 1960. To date, this was the best imagery of the Fujiwhara Effect yet seen. In July of 1976, hurricanes Emmy and Frances also showed the typical dance of the storms as they interacted with each other. Another interesting event occurred in 1995 when four tropical waves formed in the Atlantic. The storms would later be named Humberto, Iris, Karen, and Luis. A satellite image of the 4 tropical storms shows each of the cyclones from left to right. Tropical storm Iris was heavily influenced by the formation of Humberto before it, and Karen after it. Tropical Storm Iris moved through the islands of the northeastern Caribbean during late August and produced locally heavy rains and associated flooding according to the NOAA National Data Center. Iris later absorbed Karen on September 3, 1995 but not before altering the paths of both Karen and Iris. Hurricane Lisa was a storm that formed on September 16, 2004 as a tropical depression. The depression was located between Hurricane Karl to the west and another tropical wave to the southeast. As hurricane Karl influenced Lisa, the quickly approaching tropical disturbance to the east moved in on Lisa and the two began to show a Fujiwhara Effect. Cyclones Fame and Gula are shown in an image from January 29, 2008. The two storms formed just days apart. The storms briefly interacted, although they remained separate storms. Initially, it was thought the two would exhibit more of a Fujiwhara interaction, but despite weakening a bit, the storms stayed intact without causing the weaker of the two storms to dissipate. Sources: Stormchasers: The Hurricane Hunters and Their Fateful Flight Into Hurricane JanetNOAA National Data CenterAnnual Summary of the 2004 Atlantic Hurricane SeasonAnnual Summary of the 1995 Atlantic Hurricane SeasonMonthly Weather Review: An Example of the Fujiwhara Effect in the West Pacific OceanNASA Earth Observatory: Cyclone GulaCyclones Olaf and Nancy

Policy and planning tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy and planning tourism - Essay Example Here, we will examine the manner in which the Ministry of Trade and Information Singapore formulates certain economic strategy and the manner in which they are in compliance with the basic economic management philosophy of free market economy and outward oriented economic policies. Accordingly, this paper will also delve into the manner the tourism policies have been formulated so that they comply with the economic strategies to attain robust economic growth in the nation. Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Formulating Economic Policies for Singapore 4 Current Economic Management Philosophy 6 Tourism policy instruments 7 Conclusion 11 Reference 12 Introduction The Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore helps in directing policy formulation with reference to developing industry and trade in Singapore. Its mission is to enhance economic growth and help in creating more job opportunities so as to attain enhanced living standards (MTI, 2013). Formulating Economic Policies for Singapore The Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore formulates certain strategies which drives economic growth. The Economic Strategies Committee of MTI Singapore, came up with several strategies to boost economic growth in the year 2010. ... This may be possible only if productivity increases. For this, the economic policy focussed on productivity – based growth. They realised the need to deepen expertise and skills so as to strengthen each sector and drive economic growth. The strategies formulated needed to focus Singaporeans to spend more time on business activities and tasks. High rate of competency and knowhow is required for conducting high skilled tasks and provide excellent service to customers and enable organizations to innovate, change and align strategy and structures with changing market situations (Economic Strategies Committee Report, 2010). A significant goal of strategizing and implementing government policy is by promoting industrialization. Industrialization is a tool which developing nations like Singapore use to attain augmented economic growth and thereby attain the privilege enjoyed by developed countries (Goh, 2005). Accordingly, the economic strategy has been formulated which supports and promotes innovation and drives growth. The policy formulation were made keeping in mind to aid the international community by striving to decrease carbon emissions. A corporate social responsibility perspective was also considered while formulating the economic strategies in Singapore. Corporate social responsibility is a global topic and may be used in diverse manners in diverse nations. Also the nation has less of corruption and nepotism which further helps in driving growth. The incorporation of corporate social responsibility in various business enterprises has been a critical factor while considering strategy formulation for economic policies in Singapore. The trade practices including imports and exports and foreign direct investment in

Critique of Psychoanalytic Literacy Criticism Research Paper

Critique of Psychoanalytic Literacy Criticism - Research Paper Example In psychoanalytic criticism, the intention of the analyst is the overall background of the author and how it might have speculatively influenced the work of the same author. It also identifies the fact that the difference between these subjects of psychological and psychoanalytic criticisms is broadly similar and could be addressed by three main facts about this form of analysis. The facts are to do with the unconscious mental process of an individual. This includes the fact that human behavior is being motivated by own sexuality and the norm that are associated with sexuality in different cultures shaping or repressing the desire of these individuals. In Freud’s original argument, the process of dreaming is controlled by the sub-conscious mind and cannot be manifested in the wake status of an individual. However, according to Lacan, one of the proponents and developers of the psychoanalytic criticism, the sub-conscious mind can be manifested in the wake status. This can be derived from the comments that individuals joke with or the slips of the tongue or other unintended actions like puns. The works by Lacan further developed the concept of psyc hoanalytic criticisms that has evolved over time to be employed in different forms of art. The concept of psychoanalytic literary criticism is the psychoanalysis of the author or a particular interesting character is a given work. Just like other forms of literary criticism, psychoanalytic criticism can results to important clues to the something baffling symbols actions and setting s of literary work. Early psychoanalytic literary criticism most of the time treat the text as if it were a kind of a dream. That is; the text inhibits its original content beyond obvious content. It is worth noting that this process of changing the text is regarded as dream work and is characterized by concentration and displacement. Critics consider language and symbolism of a text to reverse the process of the dream and instead

Fibre optics

Fibre optics ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: History of all great works in to witness that no great work was ever done without either active or passive support of a person surrounding and ones close quarters. Thus is it not hard to conclude how active assistance from senior could positively impact the execution of a project .I am highly thankful to our learned faculty for her active guidance throughout the completion of project. Last but not least, I would also want to extend my appreciation to those who could not be mentioned here but have well played their role to inspire me behind the certain. History:- Daniel Colladon first described this light fountain or light pipe in an 1842 article entitled On the reflections of a ray of light inside a parabolic liquid stream. This particular illustration comes from a later article by Colladon, in 1884. The principle that makes fiber optics possible, was first demonstrated by Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet in Paris in the early 1840s. John Tyndall wrote about the property of total internal reflection in an introductory book about the nature of light in 1870: When the light passes from air into water, the refracted ray is bent towards the perpendicular When the ray passes from water to air it is bent from the perpendicular If the angle which the ray in water encloses with the perpendicular to the surface be greater than 48 degrees, the ray will not quit the water at all: it will be totally reflected at the surface. The angle which marks the limit where total reflection begins is called the limiting angle of the medium. For water this angle is 48Â °27, for flint glass it is 38Â °41, while for diamond it is 23Â °42. The groundbreaking event happened in around 1965, Charles K. Kao and George A. Hockham of the British company Standard Telephones and Cables (STC) were the first to promote the idea that the attenuation in optical fibers could be reduced below 20 decibels per kilometer (dB/km), allowing fibers to be a practical medium for communication. They proposed that the attenuation in fibers available at the time was caused by impurities, which could be removed, rather than fundamental physical effects such as scattering. They correctly and systematically theorized the light-loss properties for optical fiber, and pointed out the right material to manufacture such fibers silica glass with high purity. This discovery led to Kao being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009. NASA used fiber optics in the television cameras that were sent to the moon. At the time its use in the cameras was classified confidential and only those with the right security clearance or those accompanied by someone with the right security clearence were permitted to handle the cameras. In 1991, the emerging field of photonic crystals led to the development of photonic-crystal fiber which guides light by means of diffraction from a periodic structure, rather than total internal reflection. The first photonic crystal fibers became commercially available in 2000. Photonic crystal fibers can be designed to carry higher power than conventional fiber, and their wavelength dependent properties can be manipulated to improve their performance in certain applications. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OF FIBRE OPTICS:- Illustration of the modified chemical vapor deposition (inside) process Standard optical fibers are made by first constructing a large-diameter preform, with a carefully controlled refractive index profile, and then pulling the preform to form the long, thin optical fiber. The preform is commonly made by three chemical vapor deposition methods: inside vapor deposition, outside vapor deposition, and vapor axial deposition. With inside vapor deposition, the preform starts as a hollow glass tube approximately 40centimeters (16in) long, which is placed horizontally and rotated slowly on a lathe. Gases such as silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) or germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4) are injected with oxygen in the end of the tube. The gases are then heated by means of an external hydrogen burner, bringing the temperature of the gas up to 1900K (1600Â °C, 3000Â °F), where the tetrachlorides react with oxygen to produce silica or germania (germanium dioxide) particles. When the reaction conditions are chosen to allow this reaction to occur in the gas phase throughout the tube volume, in contrast to earlier techniques where the reaction occurred only on the glass surface, this technique is called modified chemical vapor deposition. The oxide particles then agglomerate to form large particle chains, which subsequently deposit on the walls of the tube as soot. The deposition is due to the large difference in temperature between the gas core and the wall causing the gas to push the particles outwards (this is known as thermophoresis). The torch is then traversed up and down the length of the tube to deposit the material evenly. After the torch has reached the end of the tube, it is then brought back to the beginning of the tube and the deposited particles are then melted to form a solid layer. This process is repeated until a sufficient amount of material has been deposited. For each layer the composition can be modified by varying the gas composition, resulting in precise control of the finished fibers optical properties. In outside vapor deposition or vapor axial deposition, the glass is formed by flame hydrolysis, a reaction in which silicon tetrachloride and germanium tetrachloride are oxidized by reaction with water (H2O) in an oxyhydrogen flame. In outside vapor deposition the glass is deposited onto a solid rod, which is removed before further processing. In vapor axial deposition, a short seed rod is used, and a porous preform, whose length is not limited by the size of the source rod, is built up on its end. The porous preform is consolidated into a transparent, solid preform by heating to about 1800K (1500Â °C, 2800Â °F). The preform, however constructed, is then placed in a device known as a drawing tower, where the preform tip is heated and the optic fiber is pulled out as a string. By measuring the resultant fiber width, the tension on the fiber can be controlled to maintain the fiber thickness. Principle of operation:- An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide (nonconducting waveguide) that transmits light along its axis, by the process of total internal reflection. The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer, both of which are made of dielectric materials. To confine the optical signal in the core, the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding. The boundary between the core and cladding may either be abrupt, in step-index fiber, or gradual, in graded-index fiber. Index of refraction: The index of refraction is a way of measuring the speed of light in a material. Light travels fastest in a vacuum, such as outer space. The actual speed of light in a vacuum is about 300,000 kilometres (186 thousand miles) per second. Index of refraction is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in some other medium. The index of refraction of a vacuum is therefore 1, by definition. The typical value for the cladding of an optical fiber is 1.46. The core value is typically 1.48. The larger the index of refraction, the slower light travels in that medium. From this information, a good rule of thumb is that signal using optical fiber for communication will travel at around 200 million meters per second. Or to put it another way, to travel 1000 kilometers in fiber, the signal will take 5 milliseconds to propagate. Thus a phone call carried by fiber between Sydney and New York, a 12000 kilometer distance, means that there is an absolute minimum delay of 60 milliseconds (or around 1/16th of a second) between when one caller speaks to when the other hears. (Of course the fiber in this case will probably travel a longer route, and there will be additional delays due to communication equipment switching and the process of encoding and decoding the voice onto the fiber). Total internal reflection: When light traveling in a dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle (larger than the critical angle for the boundary), the light will be completely reflected. This effect is used in optical fibers to confine light in the core. Light travels along the fiber bouncing back and forth off of the boundary. Because the light must strike the boundary with an angle greater than the critical angle, only light that enters the fiber within a certain range of angles can travel down the fiber without leaking out. This range of angles is called the acceptance cone of the fiber. The size of this acceptance cone is a function of the refractive index difference between the fibers core and cladding. In simpler terms, there is a maximum angle from the fiber axis at which light may enter the fiber so that it will propagate, or travel, in the core of the fiber. The sine of this maximum angle is the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber. Fiber with a larger NA requires less precision to splice and work with than fiber with a smaller NA. Single-mode fiber has a small NA. TYPES OF FIBRE OPTICS:- Multi-mode fiber:- Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF). Multi-mode fibers generally have a larger core diameter, and are used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be transmitted. Fiber with large core diameter may be analyzed by geometrical optics. Such fiber is called multi-mode fiber. from the electromagnetic analysis . In a step-index multi-mode fiber, rays of light are guided along the fiber core by total internal reflection. Rays that meet the core-cladding boundary at a high angle , greater than the critical angle for this boundary, are completely reflected. The critical angle (minimum angle for total internal reflection) is determined by the difference in index of refraction between the core and cladding materials. Rays that meet the boundary at a low angle are refracted from the core into the cladding, and do not convey light and hence information along the fiber. The critical angle determines the acceptance angle of the fiber, often reported as a numerical aperture. A high numerical aperture allows light to propagate down the fiber in rays both close to the axis and at various angles, allowing efficient coupling of light into the fiber. However, this high numerical aperture increases the amount of dispersion as rays at different angles have different path lengths and therefore take different times to traverse the fiber. Single-mode fiber:- Those which can only support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). Single-mode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 550meters (1,800ft). The structure of a typical single-mode fiber. Core: 8Â µm diameter Cladding: 125Â µm dia. Buffer: 250Â µm dia. Jacket: 400Â µm dia. Fiber with a core diameter less than about ten times the wavelength of the propagating light cannot be modeled using geometric optics. Instead, it must be analyzed as an electromagnetic structure, by solution of Maxwells equations as reduced to the electromagnetic wave equation. The electromagnetic analysis may also be required to understand behaviors such as speckle that occur when coherent light propagates in multi-mode fiber. As an optical waveguide, the fiber supports one or more confined transverse modes by which light can propagate along the fiber. Fiber supporting only one mode is called single-mode or mono-mode fiber. The most common type of single-mode fiber has a core diameter of 8-10 micrometers and is designed for use in the near infrared. The mode structure depends on the wavelength of the light used, so that this fiber actually supports a small number of additional modes at visible wavelengths. Multi-mode fiber, by comparison, is manufactured with core diameters as small as 50 micrometers and as large as hundreds of micrometers. The normalized frequency V for this fiber should be less than the first zero of the Bessel function J0 (approximately 2.405). Special-purpose fiber: Some special-purpose optical fiber is constructed with a non-cylindrical core and/or cladding layer, usually with an elliptical or rectangular cross-section. These include polarization-maintaining fiber and fiber designed to suppress whispering gallery mode propagation. Photonic-crystal fiber is made with a regular pattern of index variation (often in the form of cylindrical holes that run along the length of the fiber). Such fiber uses diffraction effects instead of or in addition to total internal reflection, to confine light to the fibers core. The properties of the fiber can be tailored to a wide variety of applications. APPLICATIONS OF FIBRE OPTICS:- Optical fiber communication: Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables. It is especially advantageous for long-distance communications, because light propagates through the fiber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables. This allows long distances to be spanned with few repeaters. Additionally, the per-channel light signals propagating in the fiber have been modulated at rates as high as 111 gigabits per second by NTT, although 10 or 40Gb/s is typical in deployed systems. Each fiber can carry many independent channels, each using a different wavelength of light (wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)). The net data rate (data rate without overhead bytes) per fiber is the per-channel data rate reduced by the FEC overhead, multiplied by the number of channels. For short distance applications, such as creating a network within an office building, fiber-optic cabling can be used to save space in cable ducts. This is because a single fiber can often carry much more data than many electrical cables, such as 4 pair Cat-5 Ethernet cabling. Fiber is also immune to electrical interference; there is no cross-talk between signals in different cables and no pickup of environmental noise. Non-armored fiber cables do not conduct electricity, which makes fiber a good solution for protecting communications equipment located in high voltage environments such as power generation facilities, or metal communication structures prone to lightning strikes. They can also be used in environments where explosive fumes are present, without danger of ignition. Wiretapping is more difficult compared to electrical connections, and there are concentric dual core fibers that are said to be tap-proof. Fiber optic sensors :- Fibers have many uses in remote sensing. In some applications, the sensor is itself an optical fiber. In other cases, fiber is used to connect a non-fiberoptic sensor to a measurement system. Depending on the application, fiber may be used because of its small size, or the fact that no electrical power is needed at the remote location, or because many sensors can be multiplexed along the length of a fiber by using different wavelengths of light for each sensor, or by sensing the time delay as light passes along the fiber through each sensor. Time delay can be determined using a device such as an optical time-domain reflectometer. Optical fibers can be used as sensors to measure strain, temperature, pressure and other quantities by modifying a fiber so that the quantity to be measured modulates the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or transit time of light in the fiber. Sensors that vary the intensity of light are the simplest, since only a simple source and detector are required. A particularly useful feature of such fiber optic sensors is that they can, if required, provide distributed sensing over distances of up to one meter. Extrinsic fiber optic sensors use an optical fiber cable, normally a multi-mode one, to transmit modulated light from either a non-fiber optical sensor, or an electronic sensor connected to an optical transmitter. A major benefit of extrinsic sensors is their ability to reach places which are otherwise inaccessible. An example is the measurement of temperature inside aircraft jet engines by using a fiber to transmit radiation into a radiation pyrometer located outside the engine. Extrinsic sensors can also be used in the same way to measure the internal temperature of electrical transformers, where the extreme electromagnetic fields present make other measurement techniques impossible. Extrinsic sensors are used to measure vibration, rotation, displacement, velocity, acceleration, torque, and twisting. Other uses of optical fibers:- Light reflected from optical fiber illuminates exhibited model Fibers are widely used in illumination applications. They are used as light guides in medical and other applications where bright light needs to be shone on a target without a clear line-of-sight path. In some buildings, optical fibers are used to route sunlight from the roof to other parts of the building . Optical fiber illumination is also used for decorative applications, including signs, art, and artificial Christmas trees. Swarovski boutiques use optical fibers to illuminate their crystal showcases from many different angles while only employing one light source. Optical fiber is an intrinsic part of the light-transmitting concrete building product, LiTraCon. Optical fiber is also used in imaging optics. A coherent bundle of fibers is used, sometimes along with lenses, for a long, thin imaging device called an endoscope, which is used to view objects through a small hole. Medical endoscopes are used for minimally invasive exploratory or surgical procedures (endoscopy). Industrial endoscopes used for inspecting anything hard to reach, such as jet engine interiors. In spectroscopy, optical fiber bundles are used to transmit light from a spectrometer to a substance which cannot be placed inside the spectrometer itself, in order to analyze its composition. A spectrometer analyzes substances by bouncing light off of and through them. By using fibers, a spectrometer can be used to study objects that are too large to fit inside, or gasses, or reactions which occur in pressure vessels. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line. The doped fiber is optically pumped with a second laser wavelength that is coupled into the line in addition to the signal wave. Both wavelengths of light are transmitted through the doped fiber, which transfers energy from the second pump wavelength to the signal wave. The process that causes the amplification is stimulated emission. Optical fibers doped with a wavelength shifter are used to collect scintillation light in physics experiments Optical fiber can be used to supply a low level of power (around one watt) to electronics situated in a difficult electrical environment. Examples of this are electronics in high-powered antenna elements and measurement devices used in high voltage transmission equipment. USES:- Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communications. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss, and they are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so they can be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in tight spaces. Specially designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, including sensors and fiber lasers. Light is kept in the core of the optical fiber by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICS: We knowthe electrical signals travel pretty well in metal cables but nothing compares to light inoptical fibre. If we have to list the most outstanding advantages of using light as a carrier and optical fibres as transmission channels these may be some of them: Great bandwidth available to transmit information. You can easily use many GHz of bandwidth limitations being mostly related to electronics in the transmitters and the receivers. Low attenuation of the light travelling through optical fibres. Light can travel many kilometres in an optical fibre with little attenuation and without using amplifiers/repeaters or having them spaced a lot more than amplifiers in coaxial cables for example. Immunity to interferences. Optical fibres are made of glass not of any metal which makes them immune to any kind of electromagnetic interference. Galvanic isolation. Since they are not metallic they dont establish electrical contactbetween emitter and receiver nor create any capacitance along the length of the cable. REFERENCES:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber http://www.educypedia.be/electronics/cablingfibers.htm http://www.protelturkey.com/teknik/fo/IntroToFOMeas.pdf

Morphology of the Heart Essay

The heart is a muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system. The heart pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by contractions. Cardiac means â€Å"related to the heart†, and comes from the Greek. The vertebrate heart is made up of cardiac muscle, it’s an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. The male’s heart weighs 9-11 ounces, and the female’s heart weighs about 11-12 ounces. A person’s blood pressure has major effects on their heart; high blood pressure is a major risk factor for a heart attack. If the heart can’t get enough oxygen, you will get chest pains which is called angina, and when your blood flow is blocked, it will result in a heart attack. Not only do heart attacks occur with high blood pressure, so does congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure can be deadly and is a result of the heart being unable to pump enough blood for what your body needs. Homeostasis is your body’s ability to maintain an internal environment that is constant, no matter what is happening outside of it. The body has a lot of responsibility, like blood pressure, temperature, and things like glucose levels even. So, when the body’s blood pressure is high, or even low, it means that your body’s homeostasis or balanced state has become unbalanced. References: Homeostatic Regulation of Blood Pressure , 2012. eHow.com.http://www.ehow.com/about_5565094_homeostatic-regulation-blood-pressure.html#ixzz2FS7wlBON SteadyHealth.2004 – 2011 Wesite: http://terms.steadyhealth.com/Heart_morphology NHLBI. 2012.Website:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/hbp/effect/heart.htm

The Holy Of Marriage The Sacrament Of Matrimony

The purpose of this paper is to provide information through research of the sacrament that in my opinion is most meaningful, the sacrament of Matrimony. The paper will include the history of matrimony, why marriage is considered a sacrament, suggestions for future development as well as why this sacrament was chosen. Before we can begin to understand matrimony as a sacrament we must first understand its history and what the sacrament of marriage is meant to represent. Matrimony was not always considered a sacrament; in fact there was a time when marriage was considered a contract rather than a covenant in many cultures. Historically, in some contexts marriage was thought of as merely a social arrangement for continuing the family name, preserving family property and cementing diplomatic arrangements. Matrimony did not incorporate the friendship dimension of marriage. (Cooke Macy, 2005) Men and women were simply married for economic reasons where love was not important. â€Å"Jesus lived and preached in a world that saw marriage primarily as an economic contract. Jews considered marriage a commandment, but one intended to benefit the wider community by ensuring stability and economic prosperity.† (Manning, 2012) In the twelfth century however, marriage began to become recognized as a commitment between two people. (Cooke Macy, 2005, p. 66) Marriage today is the true commitment, a partnership between two people who love and respect each ot her. The partners grow in their faithShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christian Marriage1487 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Marriage Introduction and background. Christian Marriage, also called Matrimony is a sacrament in which a man and a woman publicly declare their love and fidelity in front of witnesses, a priest or minister and God. The It is seen by all Christian churches as both a physical and spiritual fulfillment. 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Baptism is one of the Sacraments of Christianity that is recognized. It affirms that guilt will be removed as well as the effects of Original Sin. Those baptized will be united with the Church, which symbolizes the body of Christ here on earth. In Hebrew or Greek forms, baptism means to immerseRead MoreChristianity And Its Impact On Society2278 Words   |  10 Pageswith three thousand of his soldiers in 481.( Ries,pg.12) In Ireland A.D. 500, the Chu rch flourished due to new popularity(Ries ..pg.12) Charlemange was crowned the first Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo the third.(Ries,pg.14) Pope Gregory told the monks of England to burn all Idols.( Ries,pg.12)Many Kings who were german became Holy Roman Emperor ( Ries, pg.14) The Great Schism was when the church of christianity officially split, though the Eastern branches of the Church had long been divided on religious

Essay on The Character of Hamlet - 1852 Words

The Character of Hamlet This essay will delve into the character of the hero of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet as it develops through the drama, and will analyze the more important features. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts† explain the popularity of the protagonist: Much of the delight of modern readers, of course, comes from the study of the characters of the principal figures in the play, for Shakespeare has presented them in three-dimensional vividness. We feel that they are living beings with problems that are perennially human. If a modern man is not called upon, as Hamlet was, to avenge a murdered father, he nevertheless must face crises in his own life†¦show more content†¦a beast, that wants discourse of reason, Would have mournd longer--married with my uncle [. . .] . (1.2) Soon Horatio, the hero’s closest friend (â€Å"Horatio, thou art een as just a man / As eer my conversation coped withal.†), and Marcellus make contact with Hamlet and escort him to the ramparts of Elsinore. Philip Edwards in â€Å"The Ghost: Messenger from a Higher Court of Values?† explains that â€Å"Hamlet is galvanized into activity by the news of the appearance of a ghost that resembles his dead father†(Edwards 66-67). At one a.m. the Ghost reveals to the protagonist the extent of the evil within Elsinore. The Ghost says that King Hamlet I was murdered by Claudius, who had a relationship with Gertrude prior to the murder; the ghost requests revenge by Hamlet: â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.† Hamlet swears to carry out vengeance on King Claudius for the murder of his father. From the outset of the drama, but especially with the personal qualities manifested during the ghost scene, the audience sees the continuing development of Hamlet’s character into one of very complex temperament and motivation, which would render him quite â€Å"rounded† (Abrams 33). Maynard Mack in â€Å"The World of Hamlet† elaborates on the implications of the Ghost’s visit for the hero: â€Å"The ghost’sShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Hamlet In Hamlet730 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet is a character of melancholy because he is a very sad individual finding out that his very own uncle has killed his father. He is wanting to commit suicide but he’s contemplating it because it is a sin. 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At first HamletRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis918 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Hamlet, Shakespeare raises the question regarding deception and the differences between â€Å"seeming† and â€Å"being†. Each character is trying to decipher what each other are truly thinking, contrary to what they are pretending to think. Shakespeare sets Hamlet up to illustrate the complexity of how one must deceive others to reveal the truth.  ¬Ã‚ ¬The coexistence of appearances and reality develops as the Danish court gets engulfed in a web of corruption, lies and deception. Through how ShakespeareRead MoreHamlet Character Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Troubled Prince: An Analysis of Hamlet â€Å"To be, or not to be: That is the question†(3.1.58). This is probably the most famous quote in all of Shakespearean literature and was uttered by the main character, Hamlet, of the play â€Å"Hamlet† written by Shakespeare. It demonstrates his instability and suicidal thoughts. Throughout the play he comes off as a very unpredictable and complex character. He makes many rash decisions, but at the same time often takes a lot of time to contemplate many of hisRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis1502 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by William Shakespeare, Hamlet has a strong relationship with the authors society and era, being the late 1500’s to early 1600’s. Hamlet, a character is confliction with his society, shows different views and actions to his fellow Danish men. Shakespeare could create a character whom through Hamlet’s life choices, his own historical and cultural context and the state of Hamlet being in confliction with the Elizabethan-era a nd Nihilism showed immense differences from his society, which ShakespeareRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Hamlet1065 Words   |  5 Pageswill be explaining where and when Hamlet talks about certain characters, to help explain how he thinks about them (ex: King Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude). This essay will help to explain Hamlet as well as his thought process throughout the book (story). In Act 1, Scene 2 (Gertrude) (Lines 141-145) Quote â€Å"That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly.—Heaven and earth, Must I remember?† In this first part from line 141 to 143 Hamlet says â€Å"Oh God, do I have to rememberRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis995 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, there are many events and characters that are ambiguous to the audience. They are interpreted in several ways as there are different view points on why a character decided to act like they did. Such examples in the play are Hamlet’s use of language is equivocal as he uses his words to confuse and insult other characters in the play. Moreover, the decisions that Hamlet makes to delay Claudius’ murder in the play can be interpreted to have various explanations. Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis961 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one reads William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it is easy to overlook t he female characters as powerless and subservient. However, things are not always what they seem at first glance, as a further analysis of Gertrude and Ophelia suggests. Although the plot centers around Hamlet’s quest for revenge, these two female characters have a profound influence on what transpires. These women certainly play more significant roles than they seem at first. In Act I, Gertrude appears to be an unfaithful wifeRead MoreThe Juxtaposition of Hamlet Characters1658 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet†, Ophelia and Laertes represent different aspects of prince Hamlets traits that further the understanding of his behaviour, thoughts, and over-all character. Laertes and Ophelia, like Hamlet, are children of murdered fathers. This connection helps create a link between the three that sends them passionately to their end. Ophelia has an important relationship and entangling affair with the prince. Hamlets and Ophelia’s actions in time lead the youngRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis1135 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet was living a normal happy life before his father suddenly died. He was in line for the throne, parents who loved him, and close friends in Wittenberg. Once Hamlet’s father was suddenly dead all of this changed. His uncle took the throne from him, he despised his mother for her new relationship with his uncle, and he had to leave all of his friends in Wittenberg to return to Denmark. A piece of Hamlet died when his father passed away. Hamlets character goes through a development which reveals